Sublingual immunization with a live attenuated influenza a virus lacking the nonstructural protein 1 induces broad protective immunity in mice.

The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus (IAV) enables the virus to disarm the host cell type 1 IFN defense system.Mutation or deletion of the NS1 gene leads to attenuation of the virus and enhances host antiviral response making such live-attenuated influenza viruses attractive vaccine candidates.Sublingual (SL) immunization with liv

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Fractals of Interpolative Kannan Mappings

In 2018, Erdal Karapinar introduced the concept of interpolative Kannan operators, a novel adaptation of the Kannan mapping originally defined in 1969 by Kannan.This new mapping condition is more lenient than the basic contraction condition.In this paper, we study the concept by introducing the IKC-iterated function/multi-function system using inte

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